• Kim et al found that hydroxydopamine OHDA promoted the

  2025-02-28

  

  Kim et al. (2013) found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) promoted the atrophy of dopaminergic neurons associated with the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), the translocation of apoptosis inductor factor (AIF) and the depletion of ATP. An increase in p-AMPK and pS6K (upstream kinase o

• In the present study AP B preferentially released hydrophobi

  2025-02-28

  

  In the present study, AP31-B preferentially released hydrophobic 1602 such as leucine and alanine from N-terminal of peptide (Fig. 4). The debittering ability of AP31-B seemed to depend on such substrate specificity, but additional tests against other hydrophobic amino acids are needed to confirm th

• As noted above yeasts particularly

  2025-02-28

  

  As noted above, yeasts, particularly S. cerevisiae (Frey and Röhm 1978; Trumbly and Bradley 1983), produce APs, but these are intracellular enzymes located in the vacuolar compartment, with the exception of aminopeptidase II. About 40% of aminopeptidase II activity is detected as external enzyme, li

• Atypically BcALDH has a minor reducing activity for all tran

  2025-02-28

  

  Atypically, BcALDH has a minor reducing activity for all-trans-retinal, which requires the binding of the reduced form of the NADP+ (NADPH) cofactor that is a side-product of the canonical oxidation activity of BcALDH. The reduction activity that converts all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol was r

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Wound

  2025-02-28

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Wound healing of the human cornea is a complex process that requires cell migration and proliferation. Corneal wound healing is characterized by major changes in the composition of the ECM such as a massive transitory secretion of fibronectin combine

• br Adenosine receptors and the adaptive immunity T

  2025-02-27

  

  Adenosine receptors and the adaptive immunity T lymphocytes are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response [95]. These cells can be stimulated by the presentation of antigenic moieties by APCs, such as dendritic cells or macrophages [96]. The presentation of antigenic molecules on the APC

• br In patients with spina bifida and

  2025-02-27

  

  In patients with spina bifida and spinal cord injury, fecal incontinence is a serious issue that can impair activities of daily living and patient self-esteem. To address this Malone et al. first described the Antegrade Continence Enema (ACE) procedure in 1990 [1], which achieves continence by all

• histamine-2 receptor antagonist The obtained results indicat

  2025-02-27

  

  The obtained results indicate that even when the impairment of the same forms of memory are present, amnesia can develop in different ways. Impairment of memory reconsolidation in the conditioned food aversion model through both the serotonin receptor antagonist and the antagonist of NMDA glutamate

• br Conflicts of interest br Financial support This work

  2025-02-27

  

  Conflicts of interest Financial support This work was supported by grants from the Fondazione Cariplo [Grant number 2011-0463] (Carini); and by Funds for Original Research of the Università del Piemonte Orientale (2016, Project: Carini-Boldorini). The sponsors had no involvement in study desig

• br Conflicts of interest br

  2025-02-27

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Arginase catalyzes the reaction in which l-arginine is converted to l-ornithine and urea. In humans, two arginase isoenzymes have been identified, arginase 1 and arginase 2, that differ in cellular location and tissue distribution [1]. Both arginase enzymes a

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Japanese e

  2025-02-27

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Japanese encephalitis caused by JEV is characterized by GSK2636771 neuron death. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We and other researchers have demonstrated that JEV induces apoptosis by ER stress-mediated IRE1/JNK and ROS-m

• Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is one of the most

  2025-02-27

  

  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat, and it threatens human health severely [1]. Although various interventions, including surgical operation, radiofrequency ablation, and chemotherapy, have been endorsed, the prognosis of HCC patients remains p

• BIX 01294 Unfortunately results of serum plasma AC assessmen

  2025-02-27

  

  Unfortunately, results of serum/plasma AC assessment after food antioxidant intake are rather controversial: although some papers reported an increase of AC after food antioxidant intake (Khan et al., 2015, Torabian et al., 2009), unexpectedly, in a lot of long-term intervention studies (days, weeks

• Besides one should also consider that all

  2025-02-27

  

  Besides, one should also consider that all antioxidant compounds (free soluble or insoluble bounds) exist all together in colon, where radicals and antioxidant compounds react continuously with each other. At this point, after the consumption of antioxidants bound to dietary fiber, they reach the co

• Protein arrays provide a new approach for the

  2025-02-27

  

  Protein arrays provide a new approach for the identification of substrates for several protein-modifying enzymes. For example, protein kinase substrate identification, which constitutes an important aspect of pathway mapping because of the prevalence of these substrates in biological pathways. MacBe

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